Contributed by Maine Credit Unions
“Credit” ni ubushobozi bwo kuguza amadolari kugirango ugire icyo ubasha kugeraho utari ufite, ari nako umenya neza ko uzishyura iyo nguzanyo mu gihe mwemeranyijweho, cyangwa se mu ngengabihe mwemeranyijwe ho. Ibigo bitanga inguzanyo, za banki cyangwa ikindi kigo cyaguha inguzanyo. Cyakora mbere y’uko umuntu ahabwa inguzanyo, abatanga inguzanyo barabanza bakagenzura neza ko uyisaba ayikwiye cyangwa se amahirwe afite yo kuba azishyura ya nguzanyo mu gihe, kandi yuzuye. Ibi rero bigaragazwa n’amanota umuntu aba afite ku mikoreshereze y’inguzanyo, uyu akaba ari umubare uri hagati ya 300 na 850. Uwo hejuru ukaba werekana ko umuntu akwiye inguzanyo nta gushidikanya, mu gihe uwo hasi werekana ko bigoye ko uyu muntu yahabwa inguzanyo, kabone n’ubwo yayihabwa akaba yayihabwa ku nyungu iri hejuru cyane.
Amanota make mu bijyanye n’inguzanyo atuma umuntu agorwa cyane no kubona inzu yo guturamo cyangwa se kubona akazi, bitewe n’uko abakoresha ndetse n’abakodesha amazu akenshi babanza kureba raporo mu bijyanye n’uko witwaye mu bihe byahise bakamenya neza niba umuntu ari cyangwa se atari umwizerwa mu mafaranga. Ubusanzwe, za fagitire zitishyuye z’uburyo bwose zoherezwa mu kigo gishinzwe gukosora, mu gihe cyose uwatanze umwenda amaze kubona ko uwagurishwe yamaze kugaragaza ko kwishyura atazabikora. Igihe bisaba kugirango umwenda woherezwe mu kigo gishinzwe gukosora no gutanga ibihano kirahindagurika, gusa amezi atandatu akenshi ni yo bisaba. Nyuma y’uko umwenda woherejwe mu bashinzwe gutanga ibihano no kugorora, raporo ku mikoreshereze y’umwenda y’umuntu ihita igira ibibazo bikomeye, ibi bikaba bityo no kugeza ku myaka igera kuri irindwi iri imbere.
Rimwe na rimwe, abantu bari basanzwe bafite amanota meza mu byo gukoresha inguzanyo bajya bananirwa kwishyura fagitire zo kwa muganga zaturutse nko mu kwivuza bitunguranye. Kugeza ubu, ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi cyane ku manota mu by’inguzano azwi nka (credit scores). Cyakora impinduka zo mu minsi ishize zishobora kuzafasha benshi. Guhera mu kwa karindwi, imyenda mu byo kwivuza – igihe yabashije kwishyurwa ntabwo izongera gushyirwa muri raporo yo mu by’inguzanyo zitangwa n’ibigo bitatu bikomeye bikora ako kazi, aribyo Equifax, Transunion na Experian. Mu busanzwe, imyenda mu byo kwivuza yakomeza kugaragara muri raporo byibura mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi, kabone n’ubwo uwo mwenda waba warishyuwe. Gusa, izi mpinduka zizatuma igihe cyose uwo mwenda wishyuwe utazongera kugaragara muri iyo raporo.
Ikindi kandi, guhera mukwezi kwa karindwi, abantu bafite imyenda itishyuye ntabwo izongera kujya ihita ishyirwa muri raporo ako kanya. Bizajya bifata umwaka nyuma y’uko umwenda woherejwe mu kigo gishinzwe ibihano no gukosora. Ibi bizatuma abantu babona igihe gihagije cyo kwishyura imyenda yabo mbere y’uko igira ingaruka ku manota yabo mu bijyanye no gukoresha inguzanyo. Umwaka nushira uwo mwenda utarishyurwa, uzahita ushyirwa muri raporo. Gusa uzaba ushobora kuvanwamo igihe cyose wakwishyurwa.
Hari kandi indi mpinduka izaza mu 2023. Imyenda mishya yo mu buvuzi itarengeje $500 ntabwo izajya ishyirwa muri raporo mu byo gukoresha inguzanyo, hatitawe ku kuba yaroherejwe mu kigo gishinzwe gutanga ibihano no kugorora. Mu itangazo rihuriweho, abayobozi bakuru ba Equifax, Experian na TransUnion bagize bati “Imyenda yoherezwa mu kigo gishinzwe guhana no kugorora ituruka ahanini mu bihe abantu bajya kwa muganga nyamara batari babiteguye. Izi mpinduka ni indi ntambwe turi gutera dufatanyije kugirango dufashe abantu muri U.S yose kugirango bite cyane mu kubaka ubukungu n’imibereho yabo. Nk’abafatanyabikorwa, turakomeza gushishikazwa no gufasha abantu kubona inguzanyo bakwiriye kandi kuri bose”.
Izi mpinduka zizagabanya uburemere bw’imyenda yo mu buvuzi, gusa ntabwo zizayikuraho. Abantu bakwiye kubaka ikigega cy’ingoboka gishobora kubagoboka ku bintu byababaho batari biteguye, harimo nka za fagitire zo mu buvuzi ziza umuntu atari yabiteguye. Uburyo bwiza abantu bifashisha ni ukubika byibura angana n’ayo umuntu akoresha mu mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu. Cyakora, igihe abantu bibagoye, bashobora kubika ayo bashoboye yose. Buri ngano yose yafasha kandi ishobora kugufasha cyane mu buryo bwo kugumana amanota meza mu by’inguzanyo, ndetse no mu gihe cy’uburwayi butunguranye.
