Ishami ry’umuryango w’Abibibumbye rishinzwe ubuzima (WHO) ni urwego rugizwe n’ibihugu 194 biherereye mu bice 6. WHO ihuza za komite z’impuguke iyo habaye ikintu kidasanzwe…gishobora kuba ikibazo cyugarije isi mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bitewe n’ikwirakwira ry’uburwayi mu bihugu byinshi kikaba cyanatuma hakenerwa ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu kukirwanya. Tariki 30 Mutarama 2020, Umuyobozi mukuru w’ishami ry’umuryango w’Abibibumbye rishinzwe ubuzima yatangaje ko icyorezo cya COVID-19 ari ikibazo cyugarije isi mu bijyanye n’ubuzima. Ubushita bw’inkenda n’imbasa na byo byatangajwe ko ari ikibazo cyugarije isi mu bijyanye n’ubuzima.

“Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ni ibintu byumvikana: Urukingo rwa COVID-19 rurokora abantu.”

– Dr. Margaux Meslé 

Ishami ry’umuryango w’Abibibumbye rishinzwe ubuzima (WHO) mu karere k’Uburayi riherutse gusohora inyandiko k’ubushakashatsi mu icapiro Lancet bwemeza akamaro k’inkingo mu kurokora ubuzima bw’abantu banduye COVID-19.

Kuva muri Ukuboza 2020 ubwo inkingo za COVID-19 zatangiraga gukoreshwa kugeza muri Werurwe 2023, zagabanyije imfu z’iki cyorezo ku kigero cya 59%, bityo zirokora ubuzima bw’abantu barenga Miliyoni n’ibihumbi magana atandatu mu bihugu biri mu karere k’Uburayi hashingiwe ku matsinda y’ibihugu mu Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibibumbye Rishinzwe Ubuzima.

Imibare ya none izwi ku kigero cy’abahitanywe na COVID-19 muri kariya karere ni Miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana abiri, imibiri yashoboraga kuba hejuru ikaba yagera kuri Miliyoni enye iyo hataba inkingo. Benshi muri abo bantu barokowe n’inkingo bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 60 y’ubukure kuzamuka, aba bakaba bari mu cyiciro cy’abafite ibyago byinshi byo kuba COVID-19 yabazahaza ndetse no kubahitana.

Umushakashatsi Dr. Margaux Meslé ukorera WHO mu karere k’Uburayi agira ati: “Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ni ibintu byumvikana: Urukingo rwa COVID-19 rurokora abantu. Ibikubiye mu bushakashatsi bwacu bitwibutsa uruhare rukomeye inkingo zagize mu karere mu gutuma abantu basubira mu mirimo no mu myidagaduro nk’uko byahoze mbere y’icyorezo. Hatarabayeho umusanzu ukomeye w’inkingo, twari kubona uburyo bwinshi bw’imibereho buhagarara n’imiryango ibura abavandimwe benshi mu baba mu cyiciro cy’abanyantege nke z’umubiri.”

Kubona urukingo rwa COVID-19 rugezweho ni uburyo bwafasha mu kugabanya indembe n’imfu mu banyantege nke z’umubiri barimo abageze mu za bukuru cyangwa abagira ubwirinzi bw’indwara bujegajega, abafite uburwayi budakira, ababyeyi batwite n’abakozi bo kwa muganga bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi byo kwandura bitewe n’imiterere y’akazi kabo.

Na none, kubona urukingo rwa COVID-19 rugezweho byagufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kugira uburwayi bwa COVID-19 bw’igihe kirekire.

Mu gihe ufite ibimenyetso rusange bya COVID-19 nk’umuriro ukabije, inkorora, umunaniro cyangwa kugorwa no guhumeka, uba ushobora kuba wanduye COVID-19. Bimeze bityo, ni ngombwa kwipimisha COVID-19 niba wabona uko wipimisha kugira ngo habeho kwemeza ko wanduye no kumva ibyago ufite ndetse n’ibyo wateza abakuri hafi.

Ikindi, niba COVID-19 yaragusigiye ingaruka zikomeye mu mubiri, ushobora kuba umwe mu bemerewe guhabwa imiti irwanya za virusi. Iyi miti yagiye igaragaza ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kuremba no gupfa bitewe na COVID-19 mu banyantege nke z’umubiri.

Inkingo ziriho ubu zifite ubushobozi bwo gukumira kuremba n’imfu ku bandura ubwoko bushya bwa COVID-19 kandi n’ubushakashatsi buracyakomeje kugira ngo bwemeze igihe runaka umuntu yamara yizeye ko COVID-19 itashyira ubuzima bwe mu kaga yarafashe inkingo zishimangira.

Meslé yanzura agira ati “ Dukangurira abafite intege nke z’umubiri guhora bari maso bagakurikiza inama zo ku rwego rw’igihugu bagirwa zerekeye inkingo za COVID-19.”

Ikwirakwira ry’ubushita bw’inkende muri Afurika, 2024/strong>

Ku itariki 14 z’ukwa munani, umuyobozi mukuru wa WHO ari wo muryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus yatangaje ko izamuka rw’ubushita bw’inkende buzwi nka mpox, muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo no mu bindi bihugu bya Afrika biteje impungenge mu bijyanye n’ubuzima ku isi yose kandi bigomba gukurikiranirwa hafi mu maguro mashya. Hagendewe ku makuru ahari, virus isanzwe izwi nka monkeypox, yamye ihererekanywa byoroshye hagati y’abantu bakuze igihe bakoranyeho. Uko igenda ikwirakwira, abo yibasira bagenda bahinduka, aho ubu iri gukwira mu miryango n’ahandi. DR Congo ikomeje kugira umubare munini mu gihe mu Burundi, Kenya, u Rwanda na Uganda habonetse abantu bambere banduye iyi ndwara. Abagabo bo mu myaka yose barabarirwa kuri 55.6% by’abanduye iyi ndwara mu gihe abagore ari 44.4%. Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 5 barabarirwa muri 28.9%, by’abanduye bagakurikirwa n’abari hagati y’imyaka 11 na 20 bagizwe na (20.4%), hamwe n’abafite hagati y’imyaka 21 na 30 bagizwe na 18.3%. inkingo eshatu kuri ubu zirahari kugirango zikumire mpox mu bihugu bitandukanye; izi nkingo ni MVA-BN, LC16-KMB, hamwe na OrthopoxVac, gusa uru rwanyuma rwo ntiruragera ku isoko. WHO igira abantu inama yo gukoresha urukingo rwa MVA-BN cyangwa LC16 igihe izindi zitari kuboneka. Inkingo zikaba ari ngombwa cyane ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuba bakwandura. Kuri ubu nta muntu iyi ndwara irica uzwi mu bihugu bitanu twavuze haruguru. Cyakora hari ibyago by’uko iyi ndwara yarushaho kwibasira abanyantege nke nk’abana, abafite ubudahangarwa budahagaze neza – nk’ababana na virus ya HIV badakurikirana cyangwa abamaze kuzahazwa n’indwara zishamikira kuri HIV, abagore batwite abantu nabo mpox ishobora kuzahaza cyane. Abayobozi mu by’ubuzima ndetse n’abaganga mu bihugu byose bakwiye kumenya ko icyorezo gihangayikishije isi cya mpox yifite aho gihurira na clade IIb MPXV ikaba iri kugenda igana mu bihugu byose WHO ikoreramo naho Clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) ikaba iri gukirwa mu bihugu biri muri Afurika yo hagati no mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Ubwo rero, ibyago by’uko yakwambuka imipaka ikagera mu bihugu bindi birahari. Kuri ubu, impunzi ziva mu Burundi zari ziri mu nzira zigana ku kibuga cy’indege ngo zakirwe muri Canada na U.S. zabwiwe ko ibikorwa byo kubatuza bibaye bihagaze mu gihe cy’iminsi 21.

Imbasa iri gukwirakwira ahari amakimbirane

Ubwoko butandukanye bw’imbasa buri kwiyongera. Komite ishinzwe ubutabazi yagiye ihura buri mezi 3 kuva muri 2014, ubwo imbasa yatangazwaga nk’ikibazo cyugarije isi mu bijyanye n’ubuzima, mu kwezi kwa Mata; abagize iyo komite bemeranije ko hari ibyago ko iyi ndwara ishobora gukwirakwira batanga inama ko amabwiriza y’igihe gito yari asanzwe yakomeza kugenderwaho no mu mezi atatu akurikira.

Imbasa ubu iri mu bihugu byinshi aho yiganje akaba ari muri Afghanistan, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique na Pakisitani. WHO ijya inama ko abatuye muri ibi bihugu n’abahamara igihe kinini (igihe kiri hejuru y’ibyumweru bine) bahabwa urukingo rwa bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) cyangwa inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) hatitawe ku myaka y’ubukure bafite; bagakingirwa nibura ibyumweru bine mbere yo kujya mu mahanga. Abakora ingendo zihutirwa (mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bine) bakaba batarahabwa urukingo rwa bOPV cyangwa IPV mu byumweru bine bya mbere kugeza ku mezi 12, bagirwa inama yo gufata urukingo nibura ku munsi w’urugendo kuko nabwo byagira akamaro cyane cyane ku bakora ingendo kenshi.

Komite ikaba itanga impuruza ko ahantu hari amakimbirane n’ahakunda kumara igihe kirekire hari mu bihe by’amage hafite ibyago biri hejuru bityo abaturage baho bakaba bashobora kwibasirwa n’ibyorezo by’mbasa. Urugero, imibare ikaba igaragaza ko imbasa y’ubwoko bwa wild polio iri kwiyongera muri Afuganisitani ikaba yarakwirakwiye muri Pakisitani kubera urujya n’uruza rw’abantu. Sudani y’Amajyepfo iri kugaragaramo icyorezo cy’imbasa cy’ubwoko bwa cVDPV2.