Uburyo bwo kongerera ikizere abantu bagirira nkingo

Yanditswe na Amy Harris

Welcome to Amjambo Africa’s new Health & Wellness feature, devoted to important health-related topics that impact Black and brown people heavily. In addition to COVID-19, these include cancer, diabetes, mental health illnesses, heart disease, addiction, and HIV. Each month our reporting will focus on understanding a different health topic. September’s focus is COVID-19 and the delta variant. October’s focus will be addiction and substance abuse (October is National Substance Abuse Prevention Month). Thanks to funding from the Sam L. Cohen Foundation and private donations, all content will be fully translated.

Imibare y’abandura COVID-19 iri kuzamuka muri Maine nanone, bitewe na virusi yihinduranyije kandi yandura cyane izwi nka Delta. Umubare w’abashyirwa mu bitaro nawo ukomeje kuzamuka, ari nako imfu zikomoka kuri COVID-19 nazo zitangiye kuzamuka. Abatarakingirwa muri Maine bakomeje kwibasirwa cyane ndetse no kugira ibyago byinshi byo kuzahazwa n’iki cyorezo. Cyakora muri uku kwezi kwa Munani, ijanisha ry’abikingije muri iyi leta rikomeje kuza imbere ugereranyije no mu zindi leta mu gihugu kuko kuri ubu riri kuri 64,6% by’abujuje ibisabwa ngo bakingirwe. Mu masuzuma yakorewe inkingo za COVID-19 nka Pfizer, Moderna na Johnson and Johnson yemeje kenshi ko zifite ubushobozi bwo gukingira umuntu ntarembywe cyangwa ngo ahitanwe n’iki cyorezo.

Avuga ko abantu barushaho kugira ikizere iyo bumvise ko abakoze inkingo n’abaganga batahubutse cyangwa ngo bihutishe inzira zo gukora inkingo za COVID-19

Ibiro bishinzwe ubuzima n’imibereho myiza muri Maine (DHHS) ku bufatanye n’izindi nzego zigera kuri 30, bashinze urwego bitekerereje rushinzwe gutanga ubufasha mu kurwanya COVID-19 urwego ruterwa inkunga na leta. Binyuze muri uru rwego, abatuye iyi leta hamwe n’abandi bemerewe inkunga, bategurirwa ibice byo gukingirirwamo ndetse bakanahabwa imodoka zibageza aho bakingirirwa, bagahura n’abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze bakaganirizwa hagamijwe kubazamurira ubumenyi ku kamaro ko gukingirwa COVID-19, bagahabwa udupfukamunwa, umuti wo gusukura intoki ndetse n’ibyo kurya bijyanye n’imico itandukanye y’abo bakira mu gihe bakenera kujya mukato nyuma yo gusangwamo iyi ndwara. Haba kandi igikorwa cyo kubashakira amahoteli ndetse n’ahandi bamara iminsi, igihe bagaragaje ubushake bwo kujya kure y’imiryango yabo ngo barusheho kubarinda kuba bakwandura.

Charles Mugabe, ukuriye umushinga ukora ubukangurambaga mu by’ubuzima mu muryango Gatolika w’Abakorerabushake wa Maine, ni umwe mubari imbere muri gahunda igamije gutanga ubufasha mu baturage ku bijyanye na COVID-19. Kuva uyu muryango waha akazi Mugabe ngo abe umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda yabo ya COVID-19, yamenyekanye nk’umuntu uzi gusobanurira abadakozwa ibyo gukingirwa bikarangira bikingije. Mugabe, yemeye kuganira na Amjambo Africa maze agira icyo abwira bamwe mu bantu bagishidikanya ku bijyanye no kwikingiza.

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N’ubwo atize ibijyanye n’ubuzima, Mugabe afite ubunararibonye akura mu mateka ye nk’umwimukira ukomoka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, uvuga indimi nyinshi ndetse n’ubumenyi akura mu masomo y’ubuforomo kuri ubu ari gukurikira biramuyobora mu kazi ke. Muri Gicurasi 2021 gusa, iyi gahunda yo gutanga ubufafasha yohererejwe abagera kuri 84 bitewe n’uburyo serivisi zabo zitangwa hitabwa ku ndimi zitandukanye n’imico itandukanye y’ababagana. Mu gihe DHHS itemererwa n’itegeko gukusanya amakuru ku buryo umuntu bohererejwe ahagaze ku birebana n’ibyangombwa byo kuba muri iki gihugu, abarenga kimwe cya kane cy’abagana izi serivisi bitangarije ko bafite urundi rurimi bavuga rw’ibanze rutari icyongereza.

Tuvuge kuri siyansi kugirango bifashe abantu kurushaho kwizera inkingo
Mugabe ashimangira ko abantu bose bakenera amakuru ahagije mbere yo gufata icyemezo ku buzima bwabo, hatitawe ku mashuri bize. Avuga ko gutangaza ubushakashatsi kunkingo bitanga umusaruro cyane. Gusobanura siyansi ndetse nibikubiyemo ukabasha kubiremamo ubutumwa bwumvikana ku bantu basanzwe nabyo bifasha cyane. Mu biganiro agirana n’abantu, Mugabe abaganiriza ku bibazo bitandukanye abantu bibaza ku nkingo.

Zimwe mu mpungenge harimo nk’inzira izi nkingo zanyuzemo zikorwa. Avuga ko abantu barushaho kugira ikizere iyo bumvise ko abakoze inkingo n’abaganga batahubutse cyangwa ngo bihutishe inzira zo gukora inkingo za COVID-19. Mu kwemeza ko izi nkingo zizewe, guverinoma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe yasabye abakoze izi nkingo gukora amasuzuma atatu yo kuzigerageza. Abantu barenga 10,000 bafite imyaka 18 kuzamura baturuka mu moko atandukanye, bakomoka ahantu hatandukanye ndetse batandukanye mu bijyanye n’indwara bigeze kurwara cyangwa se barwaye, bemeye gukorerwaho ubu bushakashatsi muri aya magerageza. Nta kirebana n’ingaruka z’urukingo ku barutewe kigeze kigaragara muri aya magerageza yose uko ari atatu. Ikindi kandi, inkingo zakozwe mu ikoranabuhanga rya mRNA ntabwo zihindura utunyangingo kamere twa muntu tuzwi nka DNA cyangwa se imiterere karemano y’abikingije.

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Abahanga muri siyansi bifashisha imibare ituruka mu masuzuma ku buziranenge bw’izi nkingo. Ibi nibyo bita Vaccine efficacy. Bamwe mu bemeye gukorerwaho ubushakashatsi batewe umuti utarimo urukingo. Abakora ubushakashatsi bagereranyije abarwaye mu batewe inkingo ndetse no mubatewe umuti utarimo urukingo. Urugero, niba urukingo rugaragaje ko rushoboye ku kigero cya 80%, ntibivuze ko urukingo rukora ku kigero cya 80% gusa. Ibi ahubwo biba bivuze ko, mu itsinda ry’abakingiwe, nibaramuka bahuye na virusi, abazandura bazaba ari bake ku rugero rwa 80% ugereranyije n’itsinda ry’abatarikingije.

Ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe gutanga ibiribwa n’imiti FDA, cyemeza umuti mushya n’inkingo nyuma yo gusuzuma imibare yavuye mu masuzuza atatu aba yakozwe. Bitewe n’uko COVID-19 yabaye ikibazo cy’ihutirwa cy’ubuzima, guverinoma ya Amerika yemeje ikoreshwa ry’inkingo za Pfizer, Moderna na Johnson and Johnson nk’igisubizo kije gutabara byihutirwa. Itsinda ryigenga ry’abahanga muri siyansi ndetse n’ubuzima (batari abakozi ba leta cyangwa abakozi b’inganda zikora inkingo) basuzumye ibijyanye n’imibare igaragaza ikizere izi nkingo zagirirwa mbere y’uko izi nkingo zemezwa. Ikigo FDA gikomeje kandi gukurikirana miliyoni z’abantu bamaze guhabwa izi nkingo ngo barebe ko hari ingaruka zituruka ku rukingo cyangwa ikindi kibazo, mu gihe zigitegereje kwemezwa burundu mu gihe cya vuba.

Dose z’inkingo zirenga miliyoni 351 zari zimaze gutangwa muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, hagati ya tariki 14 Ukuboza 2020 na tariki 9 Kanama 2021, kandi nta muntu uragaragaza ingaruka zikomoka ku rukingo cyangwa ngo abe yabura ubuzima. Mugabe asaba abantu kwitondera amakuru babona ku mbuga nkoranyambaga y’abantu bagira ibibazo nyuma yo guterwa izi nkingo akavuga ko ibiba ku muntu ku giti cye bitakwitirirwa urukingo ku bantu bose. Avuga ko ikiza ari ukuvugana na muganga wawe, igihe ufitiye ubwoba urukingo cyangwa se ufite ubundi burwayi ukeka ko butakwemerera kwikingiza.

N’ubwo imibare y’abandura ikomeje kuzamuka, inkingo za Pfizer, Moderna na Johnson and Johnson ziri gufasha abantu kutaremba ngo bajye mu bitaro cyangwa ngo babe bahasiga ubuzima. Iyo hataba ah’ inkingo, imibare ubu rwose yashoboraga kuba iri hejuru cyane, yaratangiye kurusha ubushobozi ahakirirwa indembe mu bitaro bitandukanye, ari nako imibare y’abapfa yiyongera cyane ikaba yanaruta iy’abapfuye mu mpeshyi no mu mezi yayikurikiye mu mwaka ushize. Ibi ahanini biri kugaragaza ahantu habarirwa abikingije bake cyane bitandukanye n’uko bimeze muri Leta ya Maine. Kuba Maine ifite umubare munini w’abikingije, bituma umubare w’abarwara uba muto ugereranyije n’uko byari bimeze umwaka ushize. Kuba abantu bari kurwara COVID-19 ntibivuze ko urukingo rudakora. Benshi mubari kurwara ni abatarikingiza.

Uburwayi tuvuga ko bwatsimbaraye, iyo hagaragaye umuntu wakingiwe nyuma akandura COVID-19. Kimwe n’izindi nkingo zose, Inkingo za COVID-19 ntabwo zibuza umuntu kwandura ku buryo bwuzuye, ndetse n’ubwo burinzi bugenda bugabanuka uko ibihe bishira. Virusi zigenda zihinduranya uko iminsi ishira. Virusi yihinduranyije ya Delta ikomoka kuri SARS-CoV-2 itandukanye na virusi inkingo za Pfizer, Moderna na Johnson and Johnson zakorewe kurinda. Cyakora kugeza ubu, inkingo ziri gukora akazi keza mu guhashya virusi yihinduranyije ya Delta, ndetse ziri kurinda benshi iyi ndwara ndetse no guhitanwa nayo. Urukingo rw’inyongera rufasha umubiri kumenya ubwoko bushya bwa virusi ndetse no kwirwanaho. Ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe guhangana n’ibyorezo (CDC), vuba aha cyagiriye inama abantu bafite ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara kandi barikingije ko bafata urukingo rwo gushimangira. Mu bihe biri imbere, abaganga bashobora kuzagira inama buri wese gufata urukingo rwo gushimangirwa rwa Pfizer, Moderna cyangwa Johnson and Johnson.

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Tuvuge ku makuru atariyo avugwa ku nkingo
Mugabe avuga ko imvura y’amakuru avuguruzanya aboneka ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, atera urujijo abantu bagishidikanya ku bijyanye no kwikingiza. Uru rujijo rushobora gutera abantu kutizera amakuru ashingiye kuri siyansi bayagereranya n’ibihuha bitigeze bigira urwego rubyemeza. Whatsapp ni umuyoboro wa mbere mu bijyanye no gusakaza amakuru y’ibinyoma. Agira ati “rimwe na rimwe ngira abantu kugenda bagakora ubushakashatsi bwabo bwite bitewe n’uko burya abantu tugira amatsiko cyane. Kugirango duhaze amatsiko yacu, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi, tukavugana n’impuguke”. Gusa benshi mu bantu bacu bakoresha Whatsapp kandi ntabwo ari yo soko y’amakuru y’izewe. Iteka ibyo mbibwira abantu, nkanabagira inama yo kwishakira amakuru yimbitse ku giti cyabo”.

Ubuhamya bw’abantu ku giti cyabo bwaba ingenzi cyane
Mugabe atsindagira cyane ikijyanye no kugereranya hagati yo kumva no kuvuga igihe uri gusangira n’abandi amakuru. Ati “Kumva abandi ni byiza cyane… niba amakuru ajyanye n’imibare yumvikana nk’akomeye kubera siyansi nyinshi, umva ubuhamya. Umva ibyo abantu bari kuvuga. Wahera aho maze ugahitamo icyo ushaka kuvuga kuko uba wiyumviye neza ibiri kuba. Nta muntu uri kwishyurwa ngo atange ubuhamya bw’akababaro yahuye nako”.

Afite kandi ubuhamya bwe bwite bubabaje ku bubi bwa COVID-19 ajya asangiza abandi. Mu mwaka umwe, yabuze ba se wabo batatu bazize iyi ndwara. Agira ati “gutanga ubuhamya bwanjye bwite ntibinyorohera. Ntabwo nkunda kubivuga. Mba nshaka kubyigumanira ubwanjye. Gusa nanone, nsanga ari na ngombwa kubivuga kuko byafasha benshi. Mu gifaransa dufite imvugo ivuga ko ubunararibonye ari umwarimu ukomeye. Bamwe mu bagishidikanya ntibazahindura uruhande bafashe mbere y’uko ibageraho. Gusa icyo gihe bazaba barakererewe cyane”.

Shaka mu muco icyazamurira abantu ikizere bafitiye inkingo
Mugabe agira ati “Benshi babana n’abantu b’imyaka itandukanye mu ngo zabo, kandi umuryango ningombwa cyane ku muntu. Akenshi usanga ababyeyi bifuza gukingirwa iyo bamenye ko inkingo zizafasha abasaza n’abakecuru babo ndetse n’abana bato bakunda, zibarindire ubuzima babeho batekanye kandi bafite ubuzima buzira umuze. Uko virusi yihinduranyije ya Delta yagendaga izamuka, igasanga nta rukingo rwa COVID-19 rwemejwe ngo rukoreshwe ku bana bari munsi y’imyaka 12 byarushagaho guhangayikisha cyane” Mugabe yifashisha uko mumuco wabo bubaha abari mu za bukuru ndetse n’abana bato. Ubushake bwo gutaha ngo basure imiryango n’inshuti n’indi ngingo y’ingenzi yabatera imbaraga. Vuba aha, Mugabe yabonye izamuka rya benshi mubimukira bafashe ingendo basubira ku ivuko bagiye gushyingura, nyuma y’uko imibare y’abahitanwa na virusi yihinduranyije ya Delta izamutse muri Afurika. Abo bari gupfa muri Afurika ni abatarikingiza.

Uko twahangana na virusi yihinduranyije ya Delta
Iyo avugana n’abagize umuryango w’abimukira, Mugabe atsindagira cyane ku buryo izi nkingo ziri gukora neza, agatanga ingezo z’uburyo muri Maine abari kujya mu bitaro ndetse n’abari gupfa ari bake, kabone n’ubwo imibare y’abandura iri kuzamuka. Ubufasha busabwa mu rwego rwashyiriweho gutanga ubufasha mu guhashya COVID 19, ku birebana n’ibibazo biterwa na COVID-19 bwarongeye burazamuka nanone icyumweru ki kindi kuva muri Nyakanga hagati, bugera kuri 48 mu cyumweru cyambere cya Kanama bivuye kuri 12 gusa muri Kamena. Iri zamuka rihangayikishije Mugabe, gusa akavuga ko hari ikizere aterwa no kuba umuryango abarizwamo w’abimukira udacika intege, hakiyongeraho kugenzura neza ikoreshwa ry’ubufasha butangwa n’urwego rushinzwe gufasha abagizweho ingaruka na COVID 19 ndetse no kuva imibare y’abamaze kwikingiza muri Maine iri hejuru. Ibi biramuha ikizere cy’uko ibijyanye n’iki cyorezo bizagenda bimera neza mu bihe biri imbere.