Yanditswe na Amy Harris 

Uburozi bwo mu bwoko bwa ‘lead’ bugira ingaruka nyinshi ku mpunzi ndetse n’abandi bantu bantu bashya muri U.S., nk’uko bitangazwa n’urwego rushinzwe kugenzura ibyorezo muri U.S (CDC). Kuri bamwe, uburozi bwa ‘lead’ babusanga aho batura muri U.S, ku bandi, ubuzima butuma bahura n’urugero ruteye impungenge rw’ubu burozi.

Impunzi zose zipimwa indwara zitandukanye mu minsi 90 yambere zikigera muri U.S., harimo no kubapima urugero rw’ubu burozi rushobora kuba riri mumibiri cyane cyane ku bana. Nk’uko bitangazwa na Elizabeth Jackson, umuyobozi ushinzwe imiyoborere muri Greater Portland Health, abana b’impunzi baza muri U.S. bagira urugero runini rwa ‘lead’ ugereranyije na bagenzi babo bavukira muri U.S

Urwego rw’igihugu rureba ibijyanye n’inyubako z’abafite ubukungu buri hasi bwasanze 41 gusa arizo nyubako zihari muri Maine kandi zihendutse ku miryango 100 yinjiza make cyane kandi izikeneye. Mu yandi magambo, imiryango yinjiza make ntabwo ifite inzu zihagije zo guturamo.

Hamwe mu hava uburozi bwa ‘Lead’ muri Maine harimo nk’amarange yashaje cyangwa amarange ashaje mu nzu zubatswe mbere y’ 1978 ubwo aya marangi yacibwaga. Inzu zishaje zo muri Maine nizo zitungwa agatoki ahanini. Iyi leta iri ku mwanya wa karindwi mu kugira inzu zishaje mu gihugu, kuko izigera kuri 36% zubatswe mbere y’1950. Ahandi hagaragara iri rangi, ni amazi yo kunywa, igihe anyuzwa mu matiyo ashaje afite iryo rangi, amarobine ndetse no mu bindi byuma binyuzwamo amazi. Bitewe rero n’uko iri rangi ritajya rishwanyuka nyuma y’imyaka myinshi, ubutaka mu busitani cyangwa mu mihanda bushobora kuba bugifite ubu burozi bukomoka ku gihe kaburimbo yari ikirimo ‘lead’, cyangwa se bukomoka ku duce tw’amarangi yavuye ku hahoze inganda zishaje n’inzu.

Rimwe na rimwe bimwe mu bucuruzwa nk’ibikinisho, imitako, ibikoresho by’ubugeni, iby’ubwiza ibiryo bivanwa hanze cyangwa se imiti ya gakondo hari ubwo iba yifitemo uburozi bwa ‘lead’. Amata y’abana nayo akorwa hakoreshejwe amazi yanyuze mu matiyo arimo uburozi bwa ‘lead’ ashobora guteza ikibazo abana b’impinja. Ababyeyi n’abandi barera abana bakora ahantu hari ibikoresha byifitemo iki kibazo, nk’abakora akazi ko kuvugurura amazu yo muri Maine ashaje, cyangwa se abakora ibijyanye no gusana imodoka zishaje bashobora nabo kuzana kandi batabizi ubu burozi ku myenda yabo, inkweto, ku ruhu, mu misatsi cyangwa mu ntoki.

_ Greg Payne, umujyanama mukuru mu by’imyubakire mu biro bya guverineri agira ati “uburozi bwa ‘lead’ ni ikibazo gikomeye ku bana batuye Maine cyane cyane bitewe n’uko hakekwa ubu burozi mazu ashaje ahari”. Abadafite amahirwe yo kumenya iki kibazo, nk’imiryango y’abimuira itari imenyereye ko hari ikibazo cy’ubu burizo mu mazu ashaje, barugarijwe ku buryo bwihariye. Ni ngombwa cyane ko ababyeyi bakora ku buryo abana babo bapimwa, kuko kubikora bishobora gukumira ingaruka nyinshi kandi zitavurwa ku buzima bw’abana n’imikurire yabo.”

Umuntu ashobora guhura n’ubu burozi binyuze mu gukora, kumira, guhumeka ahari ubu burozi cyangwa se ivumbi ry’ubu burozi, none bitewe n’uko abana bato bashyira ibintu byose mukanwa, kandi bakaba bakambakamba bakoresheje ibiganza byabo n’amavi ku butaka, baba bafite ibyago byinshi bwo guhura n’uburozi bwa ‘lead’. Mu 2019, Maine yagabanyije ikigero fatizo gishobora guherwaho bivugwa ko umuntu ari mu byago, ndetse hongerwa gahunda yo gupima abana bato mu rwego rwo kugerageza guhanga n’iki cyorezo gishobora kwirindwa.

Ibimenyetso by’uburozi bwa ‘lead’ntabwo byoroshye kubimenya. Rimwe na rimwe ibimenyetso bishobora kutagaragara kugeza igihe umwana afite urugero ruteye inkeke. Nyamara ubu burozi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku rugingo urwo ari rwo rwose mu mubiri w’umuntu, ikindi ngo iyo ubu burozi bugeze ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka itandatu, bishobora kumutera ingaruka azabana nazo ubuzima bwe bwose. Uburozi wa ‘lead’ bwangiza ubwonko ndetse na sisiteme yose iganisha ku bwonko, bikaganisha ku gukura gake muri byinshi, umwana akagira ibibazo byo gufata n’imyitwarire, ibibazo byo kumva no kuvuga n’ibindi. Ingaruka z’igihe kirekire ni uko umwana agira ubwenge buri hasi (IQ), akagorwa cyane no no kutarangara, bityo mu ishuri ugasanga atagira amanota ahagije.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso byatangajwe by’ubu burozi harimo kurakazwa n’ubusa, gushiturwa n’utuntu tworoheje cyangwa se gukora twinshi kandi mu gihe bitari ngombwa, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, kumva unaniwe, kubabara munda, kutabasha kwituma bikomeye, kubura ibitotsi, ndetse n’ubushake bwo kurya ibintu ubusanzwe bitaribwa, nk’ibice by’amarangi, umwanda, cyangwa se barafu. Abantu bakuru bafite ubu burozi mu mibiri abo bashobora kugira umuvuduko w’amaraso, kubabara mu ngingo cyangwa se mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri, kurwara umutwe, kunanirwa guhozaho, kwibagirwa byoroshye ndetse no guhindagurika mu myitwarire. Abagabo bafite urugero runini rw’ubu burozi mu maraso bagira ikibazo cyo kugira amasohoro make, naho abagore bafite iki kibazo bakagira ikibazo cyo gukuramo inda kenshi, kubyara mbere y’igihe hakaba n’ubwo babyara abana bapfuye.

_ Dr. Laura Blaisdell, umuganga uvura abana mu kigo Maine Medical Center agira ati “ningombwa kumenya ko umwana wawe ashobora kuba atagaragaza ikimenyetso cy’uko yahuye n’uburozi bwa ‘lead’ bikaba ari yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kumupimisha afite umwaka 1 ndetse n’ibiri, igihe bashyira ibintu mukanwa. Leta ya Maine irabisaba”

Bitewe n’uko ikibazo cy’uburozi bwa ‘lead’ kiri hose kandi kikaba cyagira ingaruka ku buzima bwose bw’umuntu, abatuye Maine bafite abana bato cyangwa se batuye mu nzu zishaje bagomba kuvugana n’abaganga babo bakabasaba kubapima urugero rwa lead bafite mu mibiri yabo. Iyi leta itegeka ugupima abana bose bafite hagati y’umwaka umwe n’ibiri. .

Kutabasha kubona amazu ahendutse kandi atekanye biracyari impamvu nini ituma abana bagerwaho n’uburozi bwa ‘lead’ ku bantu bose babayeho mu bukene, harimo n’abirabura. Abagera kuri 40% bagaragaweho n’iki kibazo hagati ya 2016 na 2020 bari bari muri Lewiston/Auburn, Portland, Westbrook, Bangor, Saco/Biddeford na Sanford nk’uko byatangajwe na CDC ya Maine. Kandi muri ibyo bice, abahatuye benshi batuye mu nzu zitujuje ibikenerwa ngo inzu iturwemo.

Uburozi bwa ‘Lead’ bwakwirindwa. Amategeko ya Maine aha abakodesha bose uburenganzira bwo gutura mu nzu zitekanye kandi nziza, abakodesha bategekwa n’amategeko gukora kuburyo inzu zikomeza kuba zujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko harimo no gukuraho amarangi yifitemo uburozi bwa ‘lead’ no guhinduza amatiyo afite iki kibazo. Gusa imiryango myinshi ntabwo igaragaza uburozi bwa lead kubera gutinya ko Babura aho gutura, bikagira ingaruka ku byangombwa byabo bibemerera gutura muri iki gihugu, kuko bashyirwa ku rutonde rw’abatemerewe gukodesha indi nzu, kabone n’ubwo abana babo baba baba bagize ibibazo by’ubuzima. Indi ngorane ituma abimukira batuye muri Maine badatobora ngo bavuge ku burozi wa ‘Lead’ ni ikibazo cy’ururimi, kutabasha kubona serivisi zo kwa muganga, kutamenya uburenganzira bwabo nk’abakodesha, cyangwa se kutagira umutungo uhagije wo kwimuka no kwishyura ikiguzo ikiguzo cy’amadolari atangwa ngo umuntu abe yakwemererw inzu cyangwa ngo abe yafa munzu yari arimo igitaraganya.

Ababyeyi n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bashobora guhinduka abavugizi b’imiryango yabo hagamijwe ubuzima buzira umuze bw’imiryango yabo no gufata ingamba z’ubwirinzi ngo hakomeze gusabwa ko habaho igikorwa cyo kugenzura uburozi bwa ‘lead’ ku buryo buhoraho, bagenzura ibimenyetso by’ubu burozi , ndetse barushaho gusakaza amakuru ku bijyanye n’iki cyorezo gihangayikishije benshi ariko kandi gishobora no kwirindwa.

Uko warinda umuryango wawe

  • • Gaburira umuryango wawe indyo ikungahaye kuri karisiyumu, ubutare na vitamine C. iyi ndyo ubusanzwe igira uruhare mu kugabanya urugero rwa ‘lead’ ruri mu maraso bityo bikagabanya ibyago by’uburozi bwa ‘lead’. Ibikomoka ku mata hamwe n’imboga rwatsi byifitemo karisiyumu nyinshi; inyamazitukura, ibishyimbo hamwe na bimwe mu binyampeke bikungahaye ku butare; ibinyandimu nabyo hamwe na za puwavuro nabyo bikungahaye kuri vitamin C.
  • • Oza abana bato ibiganza, ibikinisho byabo ndetse na twatundi banyunyuza hamwe n’izabune n’amazi kenshi. Iteka oza ibiganza mbere yo kurya no kuryama.
  • • Ganira na muganga w’abana bawe ku bijyanye no kubapima urugero rwa ‘lead’.
  • • Hamagara laboratwari ya Maine ikora ibijyanye no gupima ibijyanye inyubako kugirango amazi yawe apimwe uhamagara (207) 287-2727.
  • • Hamagara urwego rushinzwe imyubakire muri Maine kugirango ubasabe gupima inzu yawe n’ubutaka bukikije inzu yawe ubu burozi uhamagara 1-800-452-4668.
  • • Niba utwite cyangwa se ufite abana bato bafite munsi y’imyaka 6, pima inzu yawe kenshi ukoresheje agasanduku k’ubuntu ko gupima uburozi bwa ‘Lead’ kaboneka muri CDC ya Maine.
  • • Niba ukora akazi gashobora gutuma uhura na ‘lead’, kuramo imyenda yawe yose ndetse n’inkweto ubisige hanze mbere yo kwinjira.
  • • Menya uburenganzira bwawe nk’umuntu ukodesha muri Maine. Ikigo cyizobereye mu mategeko cya Pine Tree Legal Assistance cyagufasha (207) 774- 8211. Bafite abakozi bakoresha indimi zitandukanye.