Inkuru ya Amy Harris
Abarenga icya kabiri cy’Abanyamerika bakoresha interineti igihe bari gushaka amakuru arebana n’iby’ubuzima, nyamara ibyo babona akenshi usanga atari umwimerere.
“Interineti ishobora kuba ahantu heza ho kwigira byinshi birebana n’ubuzima, nyamara ntabwo amakuru yose aboneka kuri interineti aba ari ukuri.” Ibi bivugwa na Jess Begley, umuyobozi muri gahunda ishinzwe guhugura abarwayi ya MaineHealth.
Mu by’ukuri, abamamaza n’abashinzwe gutegura ibyo abantu bareba, barema “amakuru y’ ibinyoma” ku bushake – mu yandi magambo, aya ni amakuru y’ibinyoma cyangwa se amakuru agaragara nk’aho ari ukuri, nyamara ari kuyobya abantu, agategurwa ku bushake hagamijwe gushyira igitutu ku byemezo bireba ubuzima cyangwa se bari gukorera amadolari.
Aya makuru ayobya hamwe n’amakuru y’ibinyoma, ku birebana n’ubuzima ndetse n’imibereho myiza asakara hose buri munsi binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga, ukayabona ufunguye igikoresho cyawe cy’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa akoherezwa aho wakirira ubutumwa bw’ikoranabuhanga. Ubushakatsi kuri TikTok bwagaragaje ko kugeza mu kwa 10, 2023, 2.1% gusa by’amakuru arenga 67,000 ya za video z’ubuzima n’imirire yasuzumwe kuri TikTok ariyo yari ukuri.
Ku mbuga zimwe na zimwe, ubwenge buhimbano (artificial intelligence) butuma ikoranabuhanga risubiza ibibazo birebana n’ubuzima mu gihe byagakozwe n’abakora mu nzego z’ubuzima.
Ubushakashatsi ku bantu bakuru 4,000 muri Amerika, bwasohotse mu kwa cyenda 2024 bwasanze mu mezi 12 yari ashize, abarenga icyakabiri cy’abasubije (52 ku ijana) baragerageje inama z’ubuzima bwiza (urugero: ibikoresho byafasha mu buzima bwiza, amakuru, ibijyezweho, cyangwa se n’ibicuruzwa by’uburyo butandukanye) nyuma yo kubyumvira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Raquel M., umaze imyaka itatu atuye muri Amerika nyuma yo kuba muri Angola, yagerageje inama yamufasha kugabanya ibiro, maze nk’uko abivuga, habura gato ngo yisange mubitaro. Mu Yagombaga gukurikiza inama z’imirire, akareka kugira ikintu na gito arya ahubwo akanywa amazi iminsi itanu. Nyuma yo kunanirwa no gucika intege yahagaritse iyo gahunda, akababazwa n’uburyo “[yijejwe ko] azatakaza ibiro mu buryo bworoshye, nta kintu na kimwe bavuze ku ngaruka byamugiraho.”
Leoni Y. amaze umwaka atuye muri Maine nyuma y’uko avuye mu gihugu akomokamo cya Gabon. Avuga ko akenshi yumva asa nk’uyobejwe n’amatangazo yamamaza imiti cyangwa ibyunganira amafunguro bavuga ko ari “umwimerere.” Avuga ko atazi uburyo yakoresha ngo amenye “niba umwimerere bisobanuye ko ikintu ari kiza cyangwa nta ngaruka cyateza.” Yibuka ibintu yabonye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga muri Gabon byamamaza imiti ivura ibicurane bikanakingira malaria, gusa akaba atarabashije kumenya neza niba byari ibyo kwizerwa cyangwa atari byo.
Ibi bibazo bitanu bishobora kugufasha igihe uri kugerageza kumenya niba amakuru y’ubuzima uri kubona ari ukuri cyangwa atari ko.
Ese umuntu wayateguye ni muntu ki? Abantu basakaza amakuru ayobya, bategura amakuru bayitirira impuguke zitari zo cyangwa se bagashingira ku bushakashatsi butemejwe. Ubwo rero ni byiza ko ufata umwanya ukamenya amateka y’uwayakoze cyangwa se urwego rwayatangaje.
Ese inkuru uri gusoma iri kugusaba amadolari cyangwa amakuru yawe? Imbuga zizewe zitanga amakuru y’ubuzima ntabwo zisaba amadolari ku makuru yabo, ubwo rero wirinde imbuga, ubutumwa, cyangwa videwo ziba zigerageza kugurisha serivisi cyangwa ibicuruzwa.
Ese ubutumwa, urubuga cyangwa ahandi ukura amakuru y’ubuzima hajyanye n’igihe? Siyansi y’ubuzima n’ubuvuzi ihinduka buri munsi. Ubwo rero reba izina ry’impuguke mu by’ubuzima cyangwa urwego rwasuzumye ayo makuru, bikaba byiza iyo ari ibyo mu myaka mike ishize.
Ese ubutumwa buri gukoresha amagambo akurura cyangwa atera umuntu gushaka gukandaho? Itondere amakosa y’imyandikire cyangwa ay’ikibonezamvugo, imvugo zica igikuba cyangwa zizamura amarangamutima. Ese ubutumwa buri kukwizeza umusaruro wihuse cyangwa gukira vuba? Shidikanya ku butumwa bukoresha amagambo nka “umuti w’igitangaza,” “urabona impinduka ako kanya” “umuti uhebuje,” “igiciro gito kidahoraho,” “urasubizwa amadolari yawe nudashima,” “nta ngaruka”, “ukiza byose,” “umutekano 100 ku ijana,” “umwimerere 100 ku ijana.”
Ni ibihe bihamya bya siyansi bishyigikira ayo makuru? Kora ubushakashatsi bworoheje ushakishe ukuri ku mbuga zitandukanye zizewe bwemeza inama y’ubuzima uri guhabwa mu gihe ubona ko iri kwizeza ibitangaza.
Mu gihe hanze aha huzuye amakuru atari ukuri, ni hehe nakura amakuru y’ubuzima y’ukuri? Inzego zizewe wabonaho amakuru harimo nk’ urwego rwa Maine rushinzwe gukumira ibyorezo hamwe n’urwego rw’isi rushinzwe ubuzima. Ikindi kandi, ibigo n’imiryango ifite mu nshingano iby’ubuzima, ibitaro, inzego z’amashuri y’ubuvuzi nabo bagira amakuru yizewe arebana n’ubuzima. Urugero twavuga nka Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Harvard Health, na MaineHealth Knowledgebase Library. Aba, baba bafite amakuru agezweho arebana n’indwara, ibizamini, uko zivurwa, ndetse n’ibyagufasha gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso by’indwara.
Jess Begley wa MaineHealth arangira abarwayi kujya kuri MedlinePlus.gov, urubuga wasangaho urutonde rw’imbuga nyinshi zizewe z’ikoranabuhanga kandi bakagira ubufasha mu ndimi zitandukanye. Gusa arongera akavugako nta cyasimbura kujya kubonana na muganga: “Niba uri kubona ibimenyetso kandi ukaba uhangayikishijwe n’ubuzima bwawe, ni ngomba kwegera impuguke mu by’ubuzima”
